Examples of Chemical Suspensions

In chemistry, a suspension is a mixture in which the solute particles—whether liquid or solid—do not dissolve. Most of the suspensions you encounter in everyday life consist of solid particles in liquids, but suspensions can also form from two liquids or even from a solid or liquid in a gas. One way to identify a suspension is by noting that the components typically separate over time. Mixing or shaking needs to occur to form a suspension. Given time, suspensions usually separate on their own. Mercury Shaken in Oil Mercury is a metallic element that is liquid at standard temperature and pressure. Because of its liquid properties, the element can be mixed with oil to produce a suspension. The mercury particles will disperse throughout the oil when the solution is shaken, but the particles will never dissolve. If left to sit, the two liquids will eventually separate. Oil Shaken in Water Water molecules, because of their polarity, are highly attracted to each other. They exhibit a stickiness that can be seen by slowly moving two water droplets toward each other. Oil molecules, on the other hand, are nonpolar, or hydrophobic, which prevents them from joining together with water molecules. Oil shaken in water will produce a suspension as the oil particles are momentarily scattered. Left undisturbed, however, the two elements will separate from each other. Dust in Air Dust in the air is an example of a solid-gas suspension. Dust—tiny particles that include pollen, hair, dead skin cells, and other materials—is lifted by wind and ventilation systems and scattered throughout the air, producing a suspension. Because particles of dust are solid, however, they will eventually return to earth and form a fine layer of sediment on the solid surfaces below. Soot in Air Soot, which takes the form of black smoke, is made up of carbon particles released through the combustion of coal and other carbon-rich energy sources. When it is first released, soot forms a solid-gas suspension in the air. This can be seen in fireplaces, power plants, and vehicles. Like dust in the air, soot eventually settles, blackening chimneys and other surfaces.

Military Downsizing Consequences After Major Conflicts

Military Downsizing Consequences After major conflicts, the government downsizes its military numbers significantly, losing the best-qualified leaders to lead the future’s military. This drastic method of downsizing the military after major conflicts harms our troops and could harm the future of our great nation. If the nation really needs to downsize its military, then it should be done in a very careful manner and to pay extra attention to not losing the best qualified leaders it currently has. Throughout military history, the government quickly downsizes its army to its bare minimum after conflicts, usually within five years, due to budgeting issues. According to Mary Ann Evans, the author of Downsizing In The U.S. Army: Common†¦show more content†¦Our sample consists of the survivors — the future leaders of tomorrow s army (p.210). When future leaders loose commitment to their duties, how effective will they be in future conflicts? According to what is happening around the globe in this present time, there is a high possibility that the U.S. could be dragged into a major conflict in the near future. The most critical issue that we face when it comes to downsizing the army is the readiness and security of our nation. Politicians say that downsizing the military brings back the nation’s financial stability. Army leaders do not see it that way, but weakens our nation s defense capability and our commitment to the rest of the world. General Odierno, the Army Chief of Staff (2013), states that â€Å"In his professional military judgment, that the projected end strength and force structure levels would not enable the Army to fully execute 2012 Defense Strategic Guidance requirements to defeat an adversary in one major combat operation while simultaneously denying the objectives of an adversary in a second theater. Additionally, it is unlikely that the Army would be able to defeat an adversary quickly and decisively should they be called upon to engage in a single, sustained major combat operation† (Chief, Congress and DoD hammer out Army s future manning levels, par. 18). The military is not just weakened by the numbers, but by experience andShow MoreRelatedEffects Of Downsizing Of The Army Downsizing Essay854 Words   |  4 PagesEffects of Downsizing The impact of the Army downsizing is nothing new. This rapid demobilization of forces has transpired after every major conflict. The most recent downsizing effort was from the Persian Gulf. The Army was an incredibly powerful force around 730,000 in 1990 and rapidly downsized to 508,000 in 1995. 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Deception Point Page 39 Free Essays

â€Å"My source is not your concern. But if you spend some time studying these figures, you will clearly see that Senator Sexton does not have the kind of money he is currently spending. After Katherine died, he squandered the vast majority of her legacy on bad investments, personal comforts, and buying himself what appears to be certain victory in the primaries. We will write a custom essay sample on Deception Point Page 39 or any similar topic only for you Order Now As of six months ago, your candidate was broke.† Gabrielle sensed this had to be a bluff. If Sexton were broke, he sure wasn’t acting it. He was buying advertising time in bigger and bigger blocks every week. â€Å"Your candidate,† Tench continued, â€Å"is currently outspending the President four to one. And he has no personal money.† â€Å"We get a lot of donations.† â€Å"Yes, some of them legal.† Gabrielle’s head shot up. â€Å"I beg your pardon?† Tench leaned across the desk, and Gabrielle could smell her nicotine breath. â€Å"Gabrielle Ashe, I am going to ask you a question, and I suggest you think very carefully before you answer. It could affect whether you spend the next few years in jail or not. Are you aware that Senator Sexton is accepting enormous illegal campaign bribes from aerospace companies who have billions to gain from the privatization of NASA?† Gabrielle stared. â€Å"That’s an absurd allegation!† â€Å"Are you saying you are unaware of this activity?† â€Å"I think I would know if the senator were accepting bribes of the magnitude you are suggesting.† Tench smiled coldly. â€Å"Gabrielle, I understand that Senator Sexton has shared a lot of himself with you, but I assure you there is plenty you do not know about the man.† Gabrielle stood up. â€Å"This meeting is over.† â€Å"On the contrary,† Tench said, removing the remaining contents of the folder and spreading it on the desk. â€Å"This meeting is just beginning.† 44 Inside the habisphere’s â€Å"staging room,† Rachel Sexton felt like an astronaut as she slid into one of NASA’s Mark IX microclimate survival suits. The black, one-piece, hooded jumpsuit resembled an inflatable scuba suit. Its two-ply, memory-foam fabric was fitted with hollow channels through which a dense gel was pumped to help the wearer regulate body temperature in both hot and cold environments. Now, as Rachel pulled the tight-fitting hood over her head, her eyes fell on the NASA administrator. He appeared as a silent sentinel at the door, clearly displeased with the necessity for this little mission. Norah Mangor was muttering obscenities as she got everyone outfitted. â€Å"Here’s an extra pudgy,† she said, tossing Corky his suit. Tolland was already half into his. Once Rachel was fully zipped up, Norah found the stopcock on Rachel’s side and connected her to an infusion tube that coiled out of a silver canister resembling a large scuba tank. â€Å"Inhale,† Norah said, opening the valve. Rachel heard a hiss and felt gel being injected into the suit. The memory foam expanded, and the suit compressed around her, pressing down on her inner layer of clothing. The sensation reminded her of sticking her hand underwater while wearing a rubber glove. As the hood inflated around her head, it pressed in on her ears, making everything sound muffled. I’m in a cocoon. â€Å"Best thing about the Mark IX,† Norah said, â€Å"is the padding. You can fall on your ass and not feel a thing.† Rachel believed it. She felt like she was trapped inside a mattress. Norah handed Rachel a series of tools-an ice ax, tether snaps, and carabiners, which she affixed to the belt harnessed on Rachel’s waist. â€Å"All this?† Rachel asked, eyeing the gear. â€Å"To go two hundred yards?† Norah’s eyes narrowed. â€Å"You want to come or not?† Tolland gave Rachel a reassuring nod. â€Å"Norah’s just being careful.† Corky connected to the infusion tank and inflated his suit, looking amused. â€Å"I feel like I’m wearing a giant condom.† Norah gave a disgusted groan. â€Å"Like you’d know, virgin boy.† Tolland sat down next to Rachel. He gave her a weak smile as she donned her heavy boots and crampons. â€Å"You sure you want to come?† His eyes had a protective concern that drew her in. Rachel hoped her confident nod belied her growing trepidation. Two hundred yards†¦ not far at all. â€Å"And you thought you could find excitement only on the high seas.† Tolland chuckled, talking as he attached his own crampons. â€Å"I’ve decided I like liquid water much better than this frozen stuff.† â€Å"I’ve never been a big fan of either,† Rachel said. â€Å"I fell through the ice as a kid. Water’s made me nervous ever since.† Tolland glanced over, his eyes sympathetic. â€Å"Sorry to hear that. When this is over, you’ll have to come out and visit me on the Goya. I’ll change your mind about water. Promise.† The invitation surprised her. The Goya was Tolland’s research ship-well-known both from its role in Amazing Seas as well as its reputation as one of the strangest-looking ships on the ocean. Although a visit to the Goya would be unnerving for Rachel, she knew it would be hard to pass up. â€Å"She’s anchored twelve miles off the coast of New Jersey at the moment,† Tolland said, struggling with his crampon latches. â€Å"Sounds like an unlikely spot.† â€Å"Not at all. The Atlantic seaboard is an incredible place. We were gearing up to shoot a new documentary when I was so rudely interrupted by the President.† Rachel laughed. â€Å"Shooting a documentary on what?† â€Å"Sphyrna mokarran and megaplumes.† Rachel frowned. â€Å"Glad I asked.† Tolland finished attaching his crampons and looked up. â€Å"Seriously, I’ll be filming out there for a couple weeks. Washington’s not that far from the Jersey coast. Come out when you get back home. No reason to spend your life afraid of the water. My crew would roll out the red carpet for you.† Norah Mangor’s voice blared. â€Å"Are we going outside, or should I get you two some candles and champagne?† 45 Gabrielle Ashe had no idea what to make of the documents now spread out before her on Marjorie Tench’s desk. The pile included photocopied letters, faxes, transcripts of phone conversations, and they all seemed to support the allegation that Senator Sexton was in covert dialogue with private space companies. Tench pushed a couple of grainy black-and-white photographs toward Gabrielle. â€Å"I assume this is news to you?† Gabrielle looked at the photos. The first candid shot showed Senator Sexton getting out of a taxi in some kind of underground garage. Sexton never takes taxis. Gabrielle looked at the second shot-a telephoto of Sexton climbing into a parked white minivan. An old man appeared to be in the van waiting for him. â€Å"Who is that?† Gabrielle said, suspicious the photos might be faked. â€Å"A big shot from the SFF.† Gabrielle was doubtful. â€Å"The Space Frontier Foundation?† The SFF was like a â€Å"union† for private space companies. It represented aerospace contractors, entrepreneurs, venture capitalists-any private entity that wanted to go into space. They tended to be critical of NASA, arguing that the U.S. space program employed unfair business practices to prevent private companies from launching missions into space. â€Å"The SFF,† Tench said, â€Å"now represents over a hundred major corporations, some very wealthy enterprises who are waiting eagerly for the Space Commercialization Promotions Act to be ratified.† Gabrielle considered it. For obvious reasons the SFF was a vocal supporter of Sexton’s campaign, although the senator had been careful not to get too close to them because of their controversial lobbying tactics. Recently the SFF had published an explosive rant charging that NASA was in fact an â€Å"illegal monopoly† whose ability to operate at a loss and still stay in business represented unfair competition to private firms. According to the SFF, whenever AT T needed a telecomm satellite launched, several private space companies offered to do the job at a reasonable $50 million. Unfortunately, NASA always stepped in and offered to launch AT T’s satellites for a mere twenty-five million, even though it cost NASA five times that to do the job! Operating at a loss is one way NASA keeps its grip on space, the SFF lawyers accused. And taxpayers pick up the tab. How to cite Deception Point Page 39, Essay examples

Investment and Portfolio Management

Question: Discuss about the Investment and Portfolio Management. Answer: Introduction Portfolio management is a strategy of selecting the precise investment policy by individuals or organizations to earn maximum return at minimum risk. It represents the best and appropriate investment plan to the investors according to their income, budget and capability to accept risks. There are generally two types of portfolio available for investors- Market portfolios and zero investment portfolios. Market portfolios involve investments in every kind of assets that are accessible in the financial market whereas zero investment portfolios are a group of investments that create nil net value. Zero investment portfolios incorporates lower risk as well as lower return because of simultaneous buying and selling of similar securities (Stettina and Hrz 2015). Most common and significant component of portfolio management is investment in securities that are assets with some financial values. Debt securities and Equity securities are two types of securities available to the investors. Debt securities are the assets having defined terms and conditions with respect to the principal amount, rate of interest, rate of returns and maturity date. Accordingly, interest-bearing securities are a part of debt securities such as bonds, debentures, certificates of deposits that disburse regular interests (Rank, Unger and Gemnden 2015). Discussion Interest- bearing securities being the essential component of portfolio management are majorly tradable in the money market and capital market. Most common interest-bearing securities that are available majorly in the money market are cash investments in the form of certificate of deposits and money market instruments. Cash investments are short-term securities that bear fixed interest rate usually with maturity of 90 days generate low returns (Kock, Heising and Gemnden 2015). Certificate of Deposits are the common interest bearing securities traded in the money market issued by commercial banks at higher rate of interests than that in savings account. These securities can be issued at any denominations with a maturity period of either three months or six months (Edirisuriya, Gunasekarage and Dempsey 2015). Certificate of Deposits restrains the access of funds until the date of maturity of the investment asset. For example, Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) insures the issuance of certificate of deposits by bank up to the value of $250,000. On the other money market instruments are also short-term investment securities that provide decent rate of return in the form of interest with a maturity period of six months or less. These securities are highly liquid in the money market with low and affordable denominations to invest at a stretch. There are different types of money market instruments available for short-term investors, which are Treasury Bills, Federal Agency notes and commercial papers. U.S. Treasury bills are the instruments that provide reasonable interest return with extremely low risk element (Ibrahim 2015). Australian treasury bills with maturity period of 2 years yields approximately 1.46 % and coupon rate @ 3.25% in the current money market while the historic yield around in the year 2000 was 6.38% at coupon rate of 7.00% (approximately). This shows that the value and return on these bills have declined in the period of sixteen years, yet for short-term investors having limited cash fund are keen on invest ing in these securities. Moreover, the commercial papers are short-term unsecured debt instruments issued by the organizations with fixed interest rates, to finance their current assets and liabilities. These instruments are issued at discount rates on the face value and carries rate of interest at the current market rate. Merrill Lynch Finance (Australia) Pty. Ltd issued commercial papers valuing around $ 800 million that is rated F1+ by Fitch IBCA. This issue reflected the strong profitability and level of interest coverage, well-diversified revenues and well utilization of asset resource as per the current economic scenario, current yield of 3months commercial paper is around 0.90 percent while the same was 0.20 % in the past year 2013 (Rahman 2015). Further, capital markets are the markets where trading of debt and equity securities take place. Common debt securities that are traded in the capital market are government bonds, corporate bonds, debentures issued by the organizations and other collateral bonds. These instruments carry fixed interest rates according to the market rate and corporate policy that are traded over the counter. In recent years, Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC) require issue of debentures with an offer of security over the issuers tangible properties in proportion to the number and value of issued securities (Jackson and Victor 2015). Risks on investment and return on investments are parallel to each other. Higher the risk, higher is the return. For instance, fixed interest rate bonds or securities provide less return while the securities with variable interest rate fetch little higher return. On the other hand, securities that do not come with interest rates like equities fetch highest return and are invested with the long term perspective (Perez, Hodge and Le 2016). Figure 1: Risk vs. reward (Source: Westpac. 2016) Westpac Banking Corporation, one of the big four banks in Australia, specialize in issuing a wide range of both long term and shot term securities. It provides the facility to invest in government and corporate bonds, which yields higher return than cash investments at the rate 2.45% approximately for 12 months bond with denomination between $5,000- $2,50,000. The company also issue hybrid securities as well as tailored deposits with minimum deposit of $500,000 or $100,000 and maturity period of 1 year to 10 years (Westpac. 2016). However, investors need to review the performance of organizations and measure its issue price, interest amount with the current yield before investing in any securities. For instance, a perpetual bond of face value $1,000 and coupon rate at 4% is presently trading at $972. Current yield of similar securities in the market is 6% then investor should determine the intrinsic value of the bond before making investments. It can be derived as coupon amount/market yield rate i.e. 4% of $1,000/6% = $666.67 but the actual price of the bond is $972, which is overpriced. Hence, the investor is not advised to buy this bond (Westpac. 2016). Apart from the investors benefit, the instruments of money market influence the economic activities as well. Government regulated the measures in monetary policies either by themselves or through corporate by managing the supply of fund, credit and rate of interest. The budget of the financial year 2008-09 in Australia projected strong surplus amounted to around $21.7 billion to ensure the strong economical and financial position of the country. Incorporation of interest bearing securities for trading was a step by the government to strengthen the financial position of Australia through risk balance, fiscal flexibility to cover up the diminished global conditions (Rezende 2015). In case of Lehman Brothers, investments bank whose bankruptcy marked a serious interruption in the financial markets across the globe. This issue affected the industrial markets, stock markets with low index price, high interest rates and high level of risks. The considerable development in financial position in the Australian economy started in the year 2008. During this year government started issuing interest bearing securities with lower rate of return and low level of risks which improved the financial position raising GDP (Nainggolan, How and Verhoeven 2015). Therefore, investors have to be very cautious while managing their investment portfolio to incur maximum returns. Asset allocation means allocation of savings at right time and in a right way to maximize the return on investment. Each investment element is to be evaluated with respect to the duration, market yield, expected and actual return and issue price to have a profitable investment portfolio (Chalmers 2015). In order to choose optimum portfolio, investors can use matrix approach that involves three criteria for example, Target return 7% Target Standard deviation or risks 3% Number of days to disinvest and get back the fund, which is target in 5 days Portfolio Woolsworth with expected return 8%, risk 4% and number of days to disinvest 6 days Portfolio Bentley with expected return 5%, risk 2% and number of days to disinvest 3 days Score of return computed as portfolio return/ target return *100 Score of standard deviation or risks = Target Risk/ portfolio risk*100 Number of days score= Target days/ portfolio days *100 The optimum portfolio would be having highest total score: Score portfolio Woolsworth portfolio Bentley Expected return 8/7 * 100= 114.29% 5/7 * 100= 71.43% Risks 3/4 * 100= 75% 3/2 * 100= 150% Number of days 5/6 * 100= 83% 5/3 * 100= 166% Total score 272.29% 387.43% Table 1: Optimum portfolio (Source: Created by author) Hence, portfolio Bentley is preferable to invest because has the highest total score. Similarly, analysis of duration is also an essential factor to make invest in the right and profitable securities. For all interest bearing securities and bonds, duration is less than maturity except for zero coupon bond where duration is equal to the maturity. Accordingly, as maturity rises, duration increases at a decreasing rate and tends to limit the value. Hence, if the yield or interest rate is lower, duration of a security is higher (Fajar Pasaribu, Si and Ridwan 2015). Another significant factor of investment in interest bearing securities is a measurement of convexity, which is a curve to define the relationship between the price and yield of bonds. It is a risk management tool that reflects the change in duration of bonds with the change in interest rate. This means when yield of a bond falls price rises at a higher rate whereas if the yield rises, price falls at a lower rate. This positive feature is called positive convexity (Bengtsson and Hsu 2015). Figure2: Convexity (Source: Westpac. 2016) In the graph it is clear that even the price of two bonds is equal, bond A has a greater convexity due to the change in interest rate that shows the investors will have to pay more for securities or bonds having higher convexity. Therefore, analyzing the bond duration and risk of interest rate investors can immunize their investment portfolio to equalize it with the time horizon to fetch expected and maximum return (Chalmers 2015). Recommendation Therefore, if the investor is risk averse and not willing to invest in risk bearing securities, then it is recommended for them to invest in interest bearing securities. In this type of investment, there is a fixed amount of return in the form of interest will be incurred apart from the expected return of the securities. On the other hand, if investors are willing to take on risk and earn more return then they should invest in equity securities of listed companies or in mutual funds. Conclusion In view of the above discussions it can be said that the management of investment portfolio is critical and involve analysis of significant factors to incur maximum return at minimum risk. However, interest bearing securities are the optimum investment option for investors who are risk averse because these securities provide fixed return for a fixed duration with a maturity date. The issuance of these securities by government and corporate also contribute to the economic growth and industrial market in the country. Securities issed by companies like Woolsworth, Laserbond, Seafarms group and many more provides market prevailing interest rates and return rates. Economic growth of Australia has been in favorable with the incorporation of fixed interest rate securities and risk free bonds, which was a major step taken by Australian government since 2008. Therefore, interest-bearing securities with low risk and short-term duration are profitable for the investors. Reference List: Bengtsson, O. and Hsu, D.H., 2015. Ethnic matching in the US venture capital market.Journal of Business Venturing,30(2), pp.338-354. Chalmers, A.W., 2015. Financial industry mobilisation and securities markets regulation in Europe.European Journal of Political Research,54(3), pp.482-501. Edirisuriya, P., Gunasekarage, A. and Dempsey, M., 2015. Bank diversification, performance and stock market response: Evidence from listed public banks in South Asian countries.Journal of Asian Economics,41, pp.69-85. Fajar Pasaribu, S.E., Si, M. and Ridwan, M., 2015. The Extraordinary Solution for Indonesia Economic Crisis: Shariah Capital Market.Journal of Finance,3(2), pp.93-101. Ibrahim, M.H., 2015. Issues in Islamic banking and finance: Islamic banks, Shariah-compliant investment and sukuk.Pacific-Basin Finance Journal,34, pp.185-191. Jackson, T. and Victor, P.A., 2015. Does credit create a growth imperative? A quasi-stationary economy with interest-bearing debt.Ecological Economics,120, pp.32-48. Kock, A., Heising, W. and Gemnden, H.G., 2015. How Ideation Portfolio Management Influences Frontà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ End Success.Journal of Product Innovation Management,32(4), pp.539-555. Nainggolan, Y., How, J. and Verhoeven, P., 2015. Ethical Screening and Financial Performance: The Case of Islamic Equity Funds.Journal of Business Ethics, pp.1-17. Perez, I., Hodge, D. and Le, H., 2016. Markov decision process algorithms for wealth allocation problems with defaultable bonds.Advances in Applied Probability,48(2), pp.392-405. Rahman, S., 2015. Ethical Investment in Stock Screening and Zakat on Stocks.Journal of Islamic Finance,4(1), pp.39-62. Rank, J., Unger, B.N. and Gemnden, H.G., 2015. Preparedness for the future in project portfolio management: The roles of proactiveness, riskiness and willingness to cannibalize.International Journal of Project Management,33(8), pp.1730-1743. Rezende, F., 2015. Demand for financial assets and monetary policy: a restatement of the liquidity preference theory and the speculative demand for money.Journal of Post Keynesian Economics,38(1), pp.64-92. Stettina, C.J. and Hrz, J., 2015. Agile portfolio management: An empirical perspective on the practice in use.International Journal of Project Management,33(1), pp.140-152. Westpac. 2016. Personal, Business and Corporate Banking. [online] Available at: https://www.westpac.com.au/ [Accessed 6 Aug. 2016].